TRANSFORMER
The transformer is an electrical static device, which consists of
two or more stationary electrical circuits interlinked by a common magnetic
circuit. Used to transform energy in between them. In a transformer
transforming energy from one circuit to another takes place at a
constant frequency.
REASON WE USED TRANSFORMER
One of the main reasons that we use alternating AC voltages and currents in
our homes and workplace’s is that AC supplies can be easily generated at a
convenient voltage, transformed (hence the name transformer) into much
higher voltages, and then distributed around the country using a national
grid of pylons and cables over very long distances.
CONSTRUCTION
Transformers are constructed of different core materials, with different
terminal types and with different designs depending upon their purpose or
their application. Basically, a transformer consists of two inductive
winding and a laminated steel core. The coils are insulated from each other
as well as from the steel core. In all types of transformer core are constructed by assembly laminated
sheets of steel with a minimum air gap, between them (to achieve a
continuous magnetic path).
I. Transformer core construction:
Generally, the name associated with the construction of a transformer is
dependent upon how the primary and secondary windings are wound around the
central laminated steel core. The two most common and basic designs of
transformer construction are the Closed-core Transformer and the Shell-core Transformer.
In both types of transformer core design, the magnetic flux linking the primary and secondary windings travels entirely within the core with no loss of magnetic flux through air. In the core type transformer construction, one half of the winding is wrapped around each leg (or limb) of the transformer’s magnetic circuit .
In both types of transformer core design, the magnetic flux linking the primary and secondary windings travels entirely within the core with no loss of magnetic flux through air. In the core type transformer construction, one half of the winding is wrapped around each leg (or limb) of the transformer’s magnetic circuit .
II. Transformer Laminations:
The coils are firstly wound on a former which has a cylindrical,
rectangular or oval type cross section to suit the construction of the
laminated core. In both the shell and core type transformer constructions,
in order to mount the coil windings, the individual laminations are stamped
or punched out from larger steel sheets and formed into strips of thin steel
resembling the letters “E”, “L”, “U” and “I”.
III. Transformer core types:
These lamination stampings when connected together form the required core
shape. For example, two “E” stampings plus two end closing “I” stampings to give an E-I core forming one element of a standard shell-type transformer core.
These individual laminations are tightly butted together during it’s
construction to reduce the reluctance of the air gap at the joints
producing a highly saturated magnetic flux density.
CONSERVATOR TANK
The main function of the conservator tank of
a transformer is, once the transformer is loaded and
the ambient temperature rises, then the volume of
the transformer oil will increase. So it works like a reservoir
for insulating the transformer oil.
BREATHER
The breather contains silica gel crystals which have a
tremendous capacity of absorbing moisture. Transformer Breather Helps to Prevent Atmospheric
Moisture and Reduce Maintenance Costs.
BUCHHOLZ RELAY
It is a kind of oil and gas-activated security relay. The Buchholz relay's
purpose is to give protection to a transformer from the
different faults happening in the transformer like the Short circuit, inter-turn, core, incipient, etc.
This relay will sense these faults and shuts the alarm
circuit.
EXPLOSION VENT
An explosion vent is a non-reusable safety device designed to burst at a set
pressure along a specific rupture line, relieving pressure and
providing a pathway for deflagration hazards to safely escape.
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