The Smart Grid System

INTRODUCTION.

The smart grid is a modern form of the traditional power grid which provides more secure and dependable electrical service. It is a two-way communication between the utility and the electricity consumer. it has self-healing capabilities that enable it to automatically detect and respond to grid problems and to ensure quick recovery after disturbances. It has communication features enabling us to optimize energy usage and limit peak demand.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

 

Traditional grid system vs Smart grid system

1. Smart grid allows the nodes to communicate with each other as well as making it possible to feed the grid with electricity produced at homes such as solar or wind power whereas ,Traditional grid system is a one-way system without any communications between the nodes (homes, industries, power plants etc.).
2. Traditional /conventional grid is equipped with electromechanical sensors and relays but  smart grid is completely digital/numeric.
3. The conventional grid uses centralized generation and smart grid uses distributed generation.
4. The monitoring of power and fault related issues in conventional grid is done manually but in smart grid, it is a self monitoring process.

 

Key features of smart grid:

Distributed Generation: This system allows for the integration of renewable energy sources like the solar, wind into the grid.

Advanced metering infrastructure: smart meters with sensors are equipped which can provide real-time information on electricity usage. It helps to manage the system demand more efficiently.

Demand Response: It uses real-time data on electricity demand to adjust the flow of electricity and reduce the need for additional power plants.

Necessity and challenges of smart grid implementation in Nepal:

Nepal is the country with rapidly growing population and increasing demand for electricity.Also gradually improving  economy need safe access to modern energy technology to utilize its renewable energy source for long-term growth and prosperity. Therefore, a smart grid could help Nepal improve its power supply's efficiency, reliability, and sustainability.

Some potential challenges that may need to be considered include 

Funding: Smart grid projects can be expensive, and securing sufficient funding may be a challenge.

Cybersecurity: Protecting the smart grid from cyber threats will be important in order to ensure the reliability and security of the electricity supply

Infrastructure: Nepal's existing electricity infrastructure may need to be upgraded or expanded in order to support a smart grid

Public acceptance: It will be important to educate the public about the benefits of a smart grid and address any concerns they may have in order to ensure public acceptance of the project.

ADVANTAGES:

• More efficient transmission of electricity
• Quicker restoration of electricity after power disturbances
• Reduced operations and management costs for utilities, and ultimately lower power costs for consumers.
• Reduced peak demand, which will also help lower electricity rates.
• Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems.
• Improved security

References:

1)Applications of smart grid technology in Nepal: status, challenges, and opportunities. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19084-3

2)https://www.techopedia.com/definition/692/smart-grid