Space Time

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INTRODUCTION

Space time is fundamental concept in physics that combines the three dimensions of space
( length , width , & height ) i.e. (x,y,z) in coordinates form with the dimension of time . i.e. (x,y,z,t) as we consider the time as fourth dimension into a unified framework. It was introduced by Albert Einstein in his book (Theory of General Relativity)
which revolutionized the understanding of mass energy relation , space fabrics and structure of universe.

 

 CONCEPT OF GRAVITY

In General theory of relativity , Einstein
explained the concept of nature of gravity as the curvature of space time caused by the Distibution of mass and energy .

In classical physics , ( by Sir Isaac Newton ) Gravity is simply described as the Newton's law of universal Gravitation which states that the objects present in space and content some amount of matter in their body then they are attracted by each other.

However, In Modern Physics ( General theory of relativity ) " The presence of mass and energy bends the fabric of space and time." This is said to be space time . The body having greater mass in fabric space have more distortion of fabric and those have less mass they have less bend in fabric space.

Due to these bends and curvature of space-time affects the motion of objects within it. Instead  of the traditional understanding of gravity as a force acting at a distance . The theory explains gravity as the result of objects following the curvature of space -time created by massive objects. According to this theory we consider that the object moving along the most natural paths in the curved spacetime , which we called they are influenced by gravity.

BENDING OF LIGHT

 Source:https://www.thenakedscientists.com/sites/default/files/media/media/images/xSir,P20Arthur,P20             ddington,P27s,P20experiment.PNG.pag espeed.ic.ugbij8pUB1.png

The main theory of general theory of relativity is the bending of light when it come with the influence of the massive masses . When light passes through a region of curved space-time , its path is altered , leading to the phenomenon known as gravitation lensing . This type of effect has been observed and verified by different astronomical observations.

  The first astronomical that verified the concept of the bending of light due to gravity occurred during a total solar eclipse on May 29, 1919, AD.

This observation known as the Eddington experiment , was led by British Astrophysicist Sir Aurthur Eddington and his team

At that time, Sir Arthur and his team observed the positions of star near the sun and compared them to their positions when the sun was not in that region of sky. This experiment aimed to test Einstein's general theory of relativity , which predicted that the sun's gravitational field would cause light from distant object i.e. stars to bend as it passed near to the sun. We can take one example that we are well known about the light cannot escape from the blackhole having intense gravitational field , due to high fabric bend in space-time.

 

This confirmation of the bending of star light during the Solar Eclipse provided compelling evidence in support of relativity.

 

 TIME DILATION

 The general theory of relativity also provides the idea about Time Dilation . The term " Time Dilation "  refers to the phenomenon in which time appears to pass differently for two observer who are moving relative to each other or Experiencing different Gravitational fields means that time can run slower or faster depending on the relative motion or gravitational strength between two observers.

For example , If we were to travel at very high speeds or be near an object with intense Gravity , time would appear to pass slower for you compared to someone who is stationary or in a weaker gravitational field .

 

  This concept has been Experimentally Confirmed and has significant implications for various areas of science , including space exploration , stellate based system like GPS , and our understanding of the universe's behavior on both cosmic and microscopic scales.

   Furthermore, the general theory of relativity predicts the Existence of Black holes , object with such intense gravity in which nothing even light can't escape from their gravitational pull.

CONCLUSION

The general theory of relativity  is a profound framework that revolutionized our understanding of gravity and the nature of space and time . It provides a deeper understanding of fabric of the universe , describing how mass and energy are influences the curvature of spacetime and shape the motion of objects within it. It's predictions have been confirmed through observations and experiments making it one of the most successful theories in modern physics.

REFERENCES

1.  https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/einste in-relativity-thought-experiment-train-lightning-genius
2.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity
3.  https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/science- features/eddingtons-eclipse-experiment-1919-and-2017
4.  https://www.britannica.com/science/time-dilation/images- videos

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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